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Technical Analysis

Stellar Migration Feasibility Report

Date: February 25, 2026 (v2.1) Scope: Ramp Wallet migration from Base L2 to Stellar

Verdict: CONDITIONAL GO

Stellar migration is technically feasible with no hard blockers. Of 17 product features assessed, 16 have a viable path — 8 production-ready, 5 buildable, 3 degraded. Ecosystem scale constraints require phased approach with explicit AUM caps. Yield is the central product risk.

Executive Summary

Top 3 Reasons for GO

  1. No technical dealbreakers across 17 features. Pay Links map cleanly to Claimable Balances. Gas abstraction, passkey auth (CAP-0051), zero-XLM onboarding production-ready. Programmable money buildable at ~$0.01/execution vs $0.10-0.30 on Base.
  2. Integration ecosystem stronger than expected. Wirex has production Stellar USDC/EURC card settlement. Fiat on/off-ramp via MoneyGram (200+ countries, 400K+ locations) mature. Chainalysis expanded full compliance Feb 2026.
  3. Ecosystem scale is the binding constraint, not technology. Stellar DeFi TVL ($189M) ~26x smaller than Base (~$4.9-5B). Blend holds ~50-54% of Stellar DeFi TVL. On-chain rate model shows Blend APY collapses below 3% at ~$15-25M Ramp supply. Escape hatch: USDY (~5.3%) and BENJI (~3.5-4%) are live and scale without compression.

Critical Conditions

Phased AUM rollout Start at $100M cap with Blend sub-cap of ~$15-20M. Scale to $250M only when TVL exceeds $400M. Blend-only yields ~0.67% at $100M — non-viable. Cap Blend at ~$15-20M, route remainder to USDY/BENJI for blended ~3.7-4.3% APY.
Yield architecture decision Choose primary yield path: USDY (5.3%, MiFID II security), BENJI (3.5-4%, fund, MiFID II), AUSD B2B NIM (bridge-only, CLARITY Act risk), or USDVB (FDIC-insured, OCC approval pending ~March 4). Each changes compliance obligations.

Top 3 Risks

Blend Protocol dominance (CRITICAL) ~50-54% of Stellar DeFi TVL in one protocol. Feb 22, 2026: Oracle manipulation drained $10.2-10.8M from YieldBlox DAO Blend pool; core USDC lending pools unaffected. Mitigation: Cap Blend at ~$15-20M, use only core USDC lending pools.
Yield architecture complexity (HIGH) DeFi-only: 3-4 sources, APY compresses to 1-4% at scale. Expanded landscape (USDY 5.3%, BENJI 3.5-4%, Centrifuge) offers 5-7 sources, but each carries distinct compliance obligations (MiFID II, CLARITY Act risks).
Asset clawback vs self-custodial messaging (MEDIUM) Stellar USDC, USDY, BENJI all have AUTH_CLAWBACK_ENABLED — issuer can remove tokens from user accounts. Weakens "self-custodial" positioning. Requires legal/marketing alignment.

Feature Feasibility Matrix

Verdict Distribution:

Key Findings

✅ Pay Links → Easier on Stellar

Claimable Balances are first-class protocol primitive. No deployment, auditing, or TTL management. Gas-free claiming native. On Base requires custom Solidity escrow with audit costs.

⚠️ Auto-Yield → Hardest Feature (Central to Value Prop)

DeFi capacity constraint: Only Blend is institutional-grade. APY collapses to ~0.67% at $100M supply. Viable only up to ~$15-25M on current borrow base.

Regulatory constraint: Post-GENIUS Act/MiCA, direct yield from payment stablecoin prohibited. Must use separate instrument: USDY (5.3%, MiFID II security), BENJI (3.5-4%, MiFID II), AUSD B2B NIM (CLARITY Act risk), or USDVB (FDIC-insured, pending OCC).

✅ Card Payments & Fiat Rails → Stronger Than Expected

Wirex has production USDC/EURC dual settlement on Stellar (not on Base). MoneyGram's 200+ countries, 400K+ locations via SEP-24 is unique Stellar asset. SEP-6/10/24/31/38 more standardized than Base's fragmented landscape.

Ecosystem Assessment

Stablecoin Infrastructure

Stellar hosts native (non-bridged) USDC and EURC issuance. Combined supply: ~$200-225M. Native issuance eliminates bridge-exploit risk entirely.

DeFi & Yield Landscape

Stellar DeFi TVL: ~$189M (vs Base ~$4.9-5B, 26x differential). Dominated by Blend at ~$96M (~50% of total TVL).

Source TVL APY Capacity Notes
Blend ~$96M 4-8% ~$15-25M at 3%+ Rate compresses as Ramp scales. Collapses to ~0.67% at $100M supply.
USDY (Ondo) - ~5.3% Unlimited MiFID II security. Investment Firm license for EU retail. No US persons (Reg S).
BENJI (Franklin) ~$480-570M ~3.5-4% ~$480-570M MiFID II Investment Firm for EU. AUTH_CLAWBACK_ENABLED.
Centrifuge $20M SDF anchor T-bill + CLO $20M+ Janus Henderson T-bill + CLO pools. Integrated with Blend/Defindex.

Blend APY Compression (Key Finding)

At $27.95M borrow demand (current):

Ramp USDC Added Utilization Supply APY (steady-state)
$0 (baseline) 78.1% 4.41%
+$10M 61.1% 3.00%
+$50M 32.6% 1.21%
+$100M 20.6% 0.67%

Competitive crossover (< 3%) occurs at ~$15-25M Ramp supply. Blend-only yield story non-viable above this threshold.

State Archival Risks

⚠️ Risk #6: State Archival (HIGH risk, Medium likelihood)

Soroban uses state archival model: entries have configurable TTL and move off-ledger when expired. Late-2025 bug corrupted entries.

Mitigation: Implement automated TTL extension service. Use Claimable Balances (not Soroban) for Pay Links v1. Budget for restoration costs.

Migration Cost Estimate

Timeline Scenarios

Scenario Assumptions Duration
A: Hire 2 experienced Soroban engineers (RECOMMENDED) 4-8 week recruitment + 16-20 week build 20-26 weeks (5-6.5 months)
B: Train existing + hire 1 2-4 month Rust/Soroban ramp-up + 16-20 week build 28-40 weeks (7-10 months)

Team Composition

Cost Drivers

Recommendations

Overall Verdict: PROCEED with Phased Migration

Product Rollout

Months 1-6: $100M AUM cap

  • Blend capped at ~$15-20M
  • Remainder in USDY (~5.3%) or BENJI (~3.5-4%)
  • Target ~3.7-4.3% blended APY
  • 40% max per-protocol cap
  • Circle Mint required before launch

Months 7-12:

  • Scale Blend allocation as borrows grow
  • Scale total AUM to $250M only if Stellar TVL > $400M

Engineering Timeline

Scenario A (recommended): 20-26 weeks including 4-8 week recruitment

Team: 2 Rust/Soroban + 2 backend + 1 frontend + 0.5 DevOps

NO-GO Triggers

  • Circle Mint access denied
  • Client requires immediate $500M scale
  • Client rejects phased rollout + blended yield
  • Yield architecture path cannot be selected before engineering sprint

Production Deployment Evidence

Stellar's viability validated by production deployments processing billions in real transactions:

Application Scale What It Proves
Airtm x Bridge (Stripe) $1.2B/yr, 2.5M users, 150+ countries Enterprise payment rails at $1B+ scale
Decaf 50K+ users, 130+ countries, 46% MoM growth Consumer wallet rapid adoption
Felix + Bitso $3B+ cumulative, 9M+ users LatAm remittance corridors at scale
Wirex 7M+ users, dual USDC/EURC Visa Card infrastructure production-ready
MoneyGram 200+ countries, 400K+ locations Physical cash-to-crypto network
PayPal (PYUSD) Global payment infrastructure Mainstream payment company validation
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